Q&A

For Customer

For Customer

9th Dye+Chem Bangladesh 2011 International Expo

1. SUNSON & ITS PRODUCTS > 1.1 Can you give a brief introduction of Sunson company? Name : Sunson Industry Group Co., Ltd. (hereinafter called Sunson) ; Head office: Yinchuan of China (Since 2007 Beijing China); Time of establishment: in 1996; Business Scope: Manufacture, Export and Import Enzymes. Company Scale: Over 30 branches Market Proportion of the Products: 30% for international market; 70% for China market Annual Output: 8,000 metric tons Upper Hand: High and consistent quality, various types, with excellent service Main Production Base: In Yinchuan R&D Centre: In Beijing Websites: www.chinaenzymes.com www.sunsonenzymes.com 1.2 What is the organization of Beijing Sunson Import and Export Co., Ltd.? The Bejing-based Beijing Sunson Import and Export Co.,Ltd. has the following sections: Marketing Section West Asia Section East Asia/Oceania Section Russia/ CIS II Section India Section Europe Section America Section Africa Section Import Section Technical Consultant 1.3 Can you provide Sunson registration status? ... No. of Business License (issued by the Industry & Commerce Administration Bureau in CHINA):6400002201101 ... No. in Customs:6401960068 ... No. in CIQ (Entry-Exit Inspection And Quarantine Of The People's Republic Of China):6400000434 ... No. of Certificate of Approval for Foreign Trade: 6400210601038 ... No. of Taxation Certificate: 640103710601038 ... Organization Code: in China: 71060103-8 ... The banker's information: BANK OF CHINA NINGXIA BRANCH, No.170 JIEFANG STREET, YINCHUAN, NINGXIA,CHINA. ADD.: YINCHUAN,NINGXIA, CHINA (PC 750001). SWIFT NO: BKCHCNBJ260 1.4 What honors or qualification certificates does Sunson have? Business License License of approval for Import & Export Letter of attorney as Executive Director of China Fermentation Industry Society Certificate of HiTech Enterprise of China Certificate of Key Enterprise of China Enzymes Industry License of production for enzymes Trademark Certificate of SUNSON Kosher Certificate Halal Certificate ISO9001-2000 Quality Management System Certification Hygiene Registration Certificate Torch Project Certificate of State-Level Certificate of Quality Report of Official Inspection for Sunson Enzymes Non GMO Certificate for Sunson Enzymes 1.5 What products does Sunson produce and export? Sunson company produce and export the following series of products: Concentrated enzymes Glucoamylase Bacterial Alpha Amylase Heat Stable Alpha Amylase Protease Phytase Cellulase Beta gluconase Xylanase Papain Bromelain Catalase Enzymatic Products by Industry Feedstuff Detergent Fuel Ethanol Beer Processing Textile Processing Miscellaneous Products: Yeast 1.6 What products does Sunson import? Sunson is also buying enzymes from abroad, the items include leather treatment enzymes and food grade enzymes. 1.7 What is Sunson's brand Sunson Company joined Madrid Marks System and registered its trade mark in scores of countries. Sunson's s brand is of the famous brand in China's enzymes and enzymes-related industries. 1.8 What is Sunson's market status in China? Sunson's enzymatic products including amylase, phytase, protease, cellulase, and pectase are widely used in the industries of feedstuff, beer, textile, fruit juice and plant extraction. In recent years, Sunson's products became very popular in beer, fruit juice and textile industry in China and Sunson's market share has increased greatly. Its marketing network covers most provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in China. 1.9 What is Sunson's international market status? Sunson enzyme are being exported to over 30 countries, among which are India, Russia, USA, Germany, Turkey, Pakistan, Korea, Singapore, Vietnam, South Africa, UAE, Ukraine, Brazil, Canada, Philippines, Malaysia, Myanmar, etc. Sunson's qualified professional marketing team can provide the customers with efficient and excellent after-service. The world enzymes reports including the report compiled by Fredonia listed Sunson company as the most "prominent" enzymes company in China. 1.10 What is Sunsonian's goal? Sunson's cause is just at its beginning. In future, it will put more efforts on the application research and development of enzymes to find new applicable technology, so as to reduce cost and pollution to contribute to the better living environment for human beings. 1.11 What contact means do Sunson take? All means will do: email. fax, phone call, visit and agents. Email is better. English and Russian language also better, Chinese also okay. Our daily working schedule: Beijing just in the 8 time zone, our office is open at 08:30 Beijing time (00:30GMT) and closed at 18:00 Beijing time (10:00GMT). 1.12 Can your enzyme compared with world famous brand? Our company is smaller compared with some worldly enzymes giants, and they have more items of quality goods. But some of Sunson products are of the same good quality, and the price is competitive.
2. TRADE TERMS > 2.1 What is the minimum order quantity for Sunson enzymes? Minimum order quantity depends on a particular product - usually one 20'ft FCL. In case of orders for smaller quantity we charge additional fees. 2.2 Do you have selling agent in other country? We have sale agents in several countries, and are setting branch offices in South Asia and USA. 2.3 How do you make a price offer and how long is its validity? Price offer is based on customer's particular order, agreed payment terms, and actual cost in China. Usually the offer is valid for 15 days. 2.4. What payment terms do you accept? ...We prefer confirmed 100% irrevocable letter of credit payable at sight. ...Possibly T/T 50% of total amount as down payment before shipment and left balance before releasing documents. ...All by T/T before shipment, especially for the case that the ocean freight takes larger portion of total amount. 2.5 Whom do you ask to issue certificate of origin? Certificate of Origin can be issued by China Council For the Promotion of International Trade (CCPIT) or China Chamber of International Commerce, and CIQ. But only CIQ can issue Certificate of Origin FORM A (Generalized System of Preferences Certificate of Origin Form A). FORM E and Certificate of Origin under the Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement. 2.6 Do you accept inspection of SGS? We accept the buyer's request of inspection by SGS, but the buyer should pay for the high charges to SGS. 2.7 Do you arrange the documents legalization? Most Mideast countries ask the invoice or certificates be legalized by their embassies or consulates in China. If so the legalization fee should be separately added to our quotation. 2.8 What if quality or quantity discrepancy arises? In case of quality discrepancy, claim should be filed by the Buyers within 30 days after the arrival of the goods at port of destination. For quantity discrepancy, claim should be filed by the Buyers within 15 days after the arrival of the goods at port of destination. If there are discrepancy not specified in the contract, we should negotiate directly or resort to the arbitration or legal activities.
3. PACKAGE & LOGISTICS > 3.1 What is the package style for Sunson enzyme products? For Solid Type Bag for 20/25kgs net Fibre Barrel for 20/25kgs net For Liquid Type Drum for 20/25kgs net Drum for 210kgs net Drum for 1125kgs net 3.2 What is the storage management of Sunson company? Sunson group has set up district storage centers in Yinchuan, Guangzhou, Henan and Southwest China, and keep the stock according to the orders and market anticipation. Each storage center is under strict and standard management. The common requirement for storage: the liquid products should be kept at 4-10?,in airtight and dry condition, away from sunlight; The solid products should be kept under 25?,in airtight and dry condition. 3.3 What’s the storage condition for Sunson enzymes products? For solid enzyme it can be stored for 6 months at 25?, activity remains over 90%. For liquid enzyme it can be stored for 3 months at 25?, activity remains over 90%. Avoid of high temperature,damp,and radiation. All kinds of enzymes can be stored for 12 months under 4? but no refrigeration. 3.4 What quantity of enzymes can you handle each year? 15,000 tons of finished or semi-finished enzymes products. 3.5 Where do you load the goods? By sea: 1) Qingdao port, in east China's Shandong province,just between Beijing and Shanghai. Qingdao port is the third largest container port in China, with many shipping lines to most ports of the world. All big shipping companies set branches in Qingdao. 2) Shanghai port, in east China. 3) Dalian port,in northeast China's Liaoning province, 4) Huangpu port in South China. 5) Xingang port, in North China. By air: From Beijing Airport; From Tianjin Airport. By land: From Manzhouli (Zabaikalsk) of Northeast China to Moskow Russia or Kiev Ukraine. From Guangxi in South China to Nietnam. 3.6 Delivery and Transit Time: If the indent is given and for one full container load, the proper time for shipment of regular types of Sunson products is usually 10-20 days after receipt of L/C or T/T down payment. Transit Time: Transportation Mode Destination Transit Time By sea (from China Main Ports) Hongkong / Japan / Korea 3 days European Main Ports 25~30 days Black Sea Countries 30~35 days Middle East 18~20 days American West Ports 12~14 days by express vessel; 28~30 days by common vessel American East Ports 40~45 days Oceania Countries 15~20 days By Railway or Multi-model Transportation Countries along the Eurasia Continental Railway Line 35 days to Moscow Note: Shipment schedule may be delayed during the 3 seven-day holidays in China, i.e.: Spring Festival holiday: usually in early Feb. Labor Day Holiday: May 1st to 7th National Day holiday: Oct. 1st to 7th
4. COOPERATION > 4.1 What is Sunson's plan for cooperation in scientific research? The biological enzyme preparations produced by Sunson have been successfully used in feeding, food, textile, fermentation and juice processing industry. These industries have broad prospects for enzymes. We have set up good cooperative relationship with some famous academies and specialists at the front in enzyme preparation research. A group of doctors, masters and specialists who are engaged in scientific research joined us. We are seeking cooperation in setting a joint laboratory with a European establishment and will organize more and specialists to do the following research: 1. Enzymes for leather and textile; 2. The use of cellulase in alcohol fermentation, in waste water treatment and garbage disposal; 3. The use of complex enzyme preparation in grape wine fermentation. The concrete work relates to strain's cultivation, fermentation, enzyme testing, technical consultancy and exchange of information of enzymes and the related industries, aiming to increase the variety of enzymatic products, enhance the level of fermentation, enlarge the scope of enzymes application. 4.2 What is Sunson's plan for Cooperation in Production? Sunson is enlarging its production base to meet the increasing market requirement by these means: 1. Launching the 2nd phase of expansion project for Yinchuan production base: 2. Seeking setting up a joint venture with a European establishment. 4.3 What is Sunson's agency plan for international trade? We are striving to expand international cooperation in marketing: 1. Cooperation as export agency for these items: glucoamylase, high-temperature α-amylase, low-temperature α-amylase, xylanase, β-gluconase, pectase and acid protease, etc. 2. Cooperation as agency: sole agency, exportation agency and sub-sale agency, etc. 3. We hope all those who are interested in cooperation to talk about cooperation by means of visit, letter or fax. Suggested export areas: Southeast Asia,East Europe,the Middle East,and the former Soviet Union countries. 4.4 What is Sunson's plan for cooperation in information exchange? Sunson enzyme products involve feed feeding, food fermentation, food packing, wool manufacturing, clothing and silk, cleaning, chemical technology, medical and sanitary and many other trades. We are willing to cooperate with relative web stations on the principle of mutual benefit and reciprocity. Ways of cooperation: 1. sales cooperation on internet; 2. promotion on internet; 3. mutual exchange of the same information; 4. link with relative web pages. 4.5 How does Sunson treat to the global talent resources? Sunson has a strong research team, but Sunson's goal is to make the strong team even stronger. Sunson offers the staff perfect plan for individual development and training.Sunson plans to bring in these talents in recent years: 1.Distributors: ...College graduates majoring food, fermentation, biology, textile, leather and pelage, animal husbandry, veterinarian, animal nutriology and sales; ...Over 5 years’ experiences in relative work; ...Can be on business trip for long time; ...Have the ability in sale and technical service. 2. Sales managers: ...Age 35 and more, with good experiences in sales management; ...Have the ability to coordinate, organize and plan; ...Can often be on business trip; ...Better to know the biological or chemical technology and have actual sales experiences. 3.Technologists: ...College graduates, specializing in microbiology, biological engineering, fermentation engineering or automatic control. We preferred the person who has actual working experiences. If you are qualified and determined to join us, please contact Sunson human resources department.
5. ENZYME IN GENERAL > 5.1 What are enzymes? Enzymes are complex proteins produced by all living cells. These proteins accelerate specific chemical reactions without undergoing any alteration them- selves (they act as biological catalysts). 5.2 What is GMO? GMO is the acronym for “genetically modified organism”. It is used to describe organisms (plant, animal or microbial) that have been altered through use of modern biotechnology. 5.3 How do enzymes work? Enzymes are natural protein molecules that act as highly efficient catalysts in biochemical reactions, meaning they help a chemical reaction to take place quickly and efficiently. Enzymes not only work efficiently and rapidly, they are also biodegradable. Enzymes are highly efficient in increasing the reaction rate of biochemical processes which typically proceed very slowly, or in some cases, not at all. 5.4 Are enzymes safe? Enzymes have been safely used for thousands of years. One of the earliest examples of industrial enzyme use was in the production of whiskey. Over the years, enzymes have also been used in beauty and oral care products, textiles, food (e.g. yogurt) and for the fermentation of cheese, beer and wine. 5.5 What are the factors that can cause enzyme activity loss? Heat, ultraviolet radiation, radialization, carbamide, acid, alkali, heavy metal ion etc.. 5.6 How are enzymes produced in a manufacturing process? These naturally occurring enzymes are quite often not available in sufficient quantities for industrial use. Biotechnology offers the possibility of producing enzymes for industrial use by optimizing the living conditions of a microorganism and, therefore, improving its “production capacity”. This technique, well known for more than 3,000 years, is called fermentation. After this fermentation process, the enzymes are isolated, and further processed for industrial use. 5.7 What types of enzymes are there? Enzymes are categorized according to the compounds they act upon. Some of the most common include; proteases which break down proteins,cellulases which break down cellulose, lipases which split fats (lipids) intoglycerol and fatty acids, and amylases which break down starch into simple sugars. 5.8 How are enzyme used? Enzymes play a diversified role in many aspects of everyday life including aiding in digestion, the production of food and several industrial applications. Enzymes are nature’s catalysts. Humankind has used them for thousands of years to carry out important chemical reactions for making products such as cheese, beer, and wine. Bread and yogurt also owe their flavor and texture to a range of enzyme producing organisms that were domesticated many years ago. 5.9 How are enzyme preparations made? Commercial sources of enzymes are obtained from three primary sources, i.e., animal tissue, plants and microbes. These naturally occurring enzymes are quite often not readily available in sufficient quantities for food applications or industrial use. However, by isolating microbial strains that produce the desire enzyme and optimizing the conditions for growth, commercial quantities can be obtained. This technique, well known for more than 3,000 years, is called fermentation. Today, this fermentation process is carried out in a contained vessel. Once fermentation is completed, the microorganisms are destroyed; the enzymes are isolated, and further processed for commercial use. Enzyme manufacturers produce enzymes in accordance with all applicable governmental regulations, including the appropriate federal agencies (e.g., Food and Drug Administration, United States Department of Agriculture, Environmental Protection Agency, etc.). Regardless of the source, enzymes intended for food use are produced in strict adherence to FDA’s current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP) and meet compositional and purity requirements as defined in the Food Chemicals Codex (a compendium of food ingredient specifications developed in cooperation with the FDA). 5.10 What is the advantage of enzymes? The use of enzymes frequently results in many benefits that cannot be obtained with traditional chemical treatment. These often include higher product quality and lower manufacturing cost, and less waste and reduced energy consumption. More traditional chemical treatments are generally nonspecific, not always easily controlled, and may create harsh conditions. Often they produce undesirable side effects and/or waste disposal problems. The degree to which a desired technical effect is achieved by an enzyme can be controlled through various means, such as dose, temperature, and time. Because enzymes are catalysts, the amount added to accomplish a reaction is relatively small. For example, an enzyme preparation in most food uses is equal to 0.1% (or less) of the product. Enzymes used in food processing are generally destroyed during subsequent processing steps and not present in the final food product. 5.11 How many grades does the enzyme fall into? Enzyme products can divide as industry grade, food grade and medicine grade! It was divided according to the microbial indicator and heavy metal indicator of the products. The enzyme products of food and medicine grade have strict requirements to these indicators but industry grade enzymes don’t require it. The enzyme products of food grade and medicine grade can not add into the food or medicine directly but in the process of raw material producing. 5.12 How does the Sunson enzyme applied in textile industry? ...Textile processing has benefited greatly on both environmental and product quality aspects through the use of enzymes. Prior to weaving of yarn into fabric, the warp yarns are coated with a sizing agent to lubricate and protect the yarn from abrasion during weaving. Historically, the main sizing agent used for cotton fabrics has been starch because of its excellent film forming capacity, availability, and relatively low cost. Before the fabric can be dyed, the applied sizing agent and the natural non-cellulosic materials present in the cotton must be removed. Before the discovery of amylase enzymes, the only alternative to remove the starch-based sizing was extended treatment with caustic soda at high temperature. The chemical treatment was not totally effective in removing the starch (which leads to imperfections in dyeing) and also results in a degradation of the cotton fiber resulting in destruction of the natural, soft feel, or hand, of the cotton. ...The use of amylases to remove starch-based sizing agents has decreased the use of harsh chemicals in the textile industry, resulting in a lower discharge of waste chemicals to the environment, improved the safety of working conditions for textile workers and has raised the quality of the fabric. New enzymatic processes are being developed (cellulase, hemicellulase, pectinase and lipase), which offer the potential to totally replace the use of other chemicals in textile preparation processes. 5.13 What benefits are there when Sunson enzymes applied in textile industry? ...Lower discharge of chemicals and wastewater and decreased handling of hazardous chemicals for textile workers; ...Improved fabric quality; ...Stonewashed Jeans Without Stones: traditionally, to get the look and feel of stonewashed jeans, pumice stones were used. However, thanks to the introduction of cellulase enzymes, thejeans industry can reduce and even eliminate the use of stones. Of course, a big driver for the jeans industry is fashion. Enzymes give the manufacturer a newer, easier set of tools to create new looks.Although many consumers do not want their jeans to look or feel new, they usually do not want them to look worn-out or torn. The pumice stones used to “stonewash” the denim clothes can also over abrade or damage the garment. By using enzymes, the manufacturer can give consumers the look they want, without damaging the garment; ...Environmentaly: Less mining, reduced waste, less energy, less clogging of municipal pipes with stones, and stone dust fewer worn out machines and pipes attributed to stones and stone dust; ...Consumer Benefits: More fashion choices, longer garment life/wear due to lower damage of original fabric. 5.14 How does the Sunson enzyme applied in yarn treatment of textile industry? ...In the preparation of cotton yarn for dyeing and garment manufacture, hydrogen peroxide is used to bleach the yarn. Normally, either a reducing agent is used to neutralize the hydrogen peroxide or water is used to rinse out the hydrogen peroxide bleach since it must be removed for proper dyeing. An enzyme, catalase, can be used to breakdown the hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen. With the use of catalase, the reducing agent can be eliminated or the amount of rinse water can be dramatically reduced, resulting in less polluted wastewater or lower water consumption. ...The benefits have been documented in a Life Cycle Analysis. Again, enzymes can help us develop sustainable processes by lowering the environmental impact we humans impose. ...Environmentally such application can reduce chemical load, reduced water consumption, lower energy consumption. 5.15 How does the Sunson enzyme applied in starch sugar processing? During the 19th century, boiling starch with strong acids like sulfuric acid produced sugar syrups. This harsh process became a predominant method to make a range of starch syrups. However, by the middle of the 20th century, enzymes were rapidly supplanting the use of strong acids in the manufacture of sugar syrups. The use of enzymes provides many advantages, including higher quality products, energy efficiency, and a safer working environment. Processing equipment also lasts longer since the milder conditions reduce corrosion. In the 1970’s, another syrup was developed that closely mimicked the sweetness of sucrose (table sugar). This became known as High Fructose Corn Syrup (HFCS). Although this syrup can be made chemically with sodium hydroxide, the extremely high alkalinity limits the yield since large amounts of byproducts are formed. Because of these limitations, the use of enzymes with greater specificity and mild use-conditions emerged as the production method ofchoice. Today the production of HFCS is a major industry, which converts large quantities of corn (maize) and other botanical starches to this and other useful sweeteners. These sweeteners are used in soft drinks, candies, baking, jams and jellies and many other foods. 5.16 What benefits are there when Sunson enzymes applied in starch sugar processing? ...Environmental Benefits: Reduced use of strong acids and bases, reduced energy consumption (less greenhouse gas), less corrosive waste, and safer production environment for workers. ...Consumer Benefits: Sweetener availability and stable prices due to the ability to source from starch as an alternative to sugar cane and sugar beets; consistent, higher quality syrups. 5.17 How does the Sunson enzyme applied in baking industry ? To ensure high-quality bread, enzymes are often used to modify the starch that in turn keeps the bread softer for a longer period of time. The staling of white bread is considered to be related to a change in the starch. Over time, the moisture in the starch becomes unbound when starch granules revert from a soluble to an insoluble form. When the starch can no longer “hold” water, it loses its flexibility and the bread becomes hard and brittle. This results in a subsequent reduction in taste appeal of the bread and it is termed “stale.” By choosing the right enzyme, the starch can be modified during baking to retard staling. The bread stays soft and flavorful for a longer time: 3-6days. 5.18 How does the Sunson enzyme applied in beer industry ? Calorie-conscious consumers can enjoy reduced calorie beer thanks to the use of special enzymes in the brewing process. Major ingredients used in the production of beer include, barley, rice, and other grains. The grains are essential components in the conversion of carbohydrates to alcohol during yeast fermentation. First, simple carbohydrates are converted to alcohol followed by conversion of carbohydrates of increasing complexity, until the desired alcoholcontent is achieved. The remaining carbohydrate remains as a component of the finished product. By using enzymes to transform the complex carbohydrates to simpler sugars, the desired alcohol content can be achieved with a smaller amount of added grain. This results in a beer with fewer carbohydrate calories and ultimately, a lower calorie beer. 5.19 How does the Sunson enzyme applied in fruit juice industry ? Juices extracted from ripe fruit contain a significant amount of pectin. Pectin imparts a cloudy appearance to the juice and results in an appearance and mouth-feel that many consumers do not find appealing. Pectinases are naturally occurring enzymes that act on pectin yielding a crystal clear juice with the appearance, stability, mouth-feel, taste, and texture characteristics preferred by consumers. While pectinases naturally occur in most fruits used to make juice, the manufacturer often adds more to produce clear juice in a reasonable amount of time. 5.20 How does the Sunson enzyme applied in ethanol fuel processing? ...Prior to the discovery of petroleum, natural carbohydrates were used for the production of food, clothing and energy. Ethanol fuels can be derived from renewable resources - dedicated agricultural crops such as corn, sugar cane, and sugar beet or from agricultural byproducts such as whey from cheese making and potato processing waste streams. Ethanol can be used as a 100% replacement for petroleum fuels or as an extender. Ethanol can also be utilized in petroleum fuels as a replacement for the toxic oxygenate, Methyl t-Butyl Ether(MTBE). ...Enzymes such as alpha-amylase, glucoamylase, invertase and lactase hydrolyze starch, sucrose and lactose into fermentable sugars. The sugars are then fermented with yeast to produce ethanol. The production of grain, oilseed and textile fibers results in a substantial quantity of underutilized agricultural crop residues. Although it is desirable to return some of this cellulosic residue back to the soil, much of this material could be diverted to ethanol. The current best available technology for conversion employs an acid hydrolysis of the biomass into sugars. The enzymatic alternative, using cellulase and hemicellulase, avoids the use of strong acids and results in a cleaner stream of sugars for fermentation and fewer by-products. ...Environmental benefit: Greater utilization of natural, renewable resources, safer factory working conditions, reduced harmful auto emissions. ...Consumer Benefit: Safer alternative to MTBE∗, augments existing supply of liquid fuel, i.e., gasoline. 5.21 How does the Sunson enzyme applied in leather tanning treatment? ...Leather Tanning with Enzymes: Dehairing, Bating Hides and skins have hair attached to them that must be removed for their use as leather. The conventional way to remove hair from hides is to use harsh chemicals such as lime and sodium sulfide. These chemicals completely dissolve the hair and open up the fiber structure. With enzyme-assisted dehairing, it is possible to reduce the chemical requirements and obtain a cleaner product and a higher area yield with fewer chemicals in the wastewater. Since the enzyme does not dissolve the hair as the chemicals do, it is possible to filter out the hair, thus reducing the chemical and biological oxygen demand of the wastewater. Additionally the hides and skins contain proteins and fat between the collagen fibers that must be all or partially removed before the hides can be tanned. To make the leather pliable, it is necessary to subject the hide to an enzymatic treatment before tanning to selectively dissolve certain protein components. This is called bating. Traditionally, dog or pigeon dung was used as the bating agent. This was a difficult, unreliable and smelly process. Obviously, this was a very unpleasant environment to work in. Since “dung bates” owed their softening effect to the action of a protease enzyme, during the 20th century, the Leather Industry has switched over to using bacterial proteases and pancreatic trypsin. Benefits: Environmentally lower chemical load to waste system. Lower odor during processing; for consumer, better leather, lower odor process for workers and the factory neighbors. 5.22 How does the Sunson enzyme applied in degreasing of leather treatment? Traditionally, the degreasing of sheepskins is done by solvent-extraction using paraffin solvent systems. A new process based on the enzymatic breakdown of fats by a lipase enzyme has been introduced to the leather industry. The enzymatic degreasing process replaces the solvent-based process. Since the enzyme interferes less with the skin structure, the enzymatic process also results in a product with improved quality, for example improved tear strength and more uniform color. Benefits: Environmentally replaces solvent-based system, lowers volatile organic chemical load; For consumer, higher quality leather – the improved tear strength should be very meaningful to anyone with leather furniture! 5.23 How does the Sunson enzyme applied in bleaching of paper industry? Helping Papermakers Reduce Their Load on the Environment It takes a lot of chemical processing to turn trees into white paper. The pulp and paper industry employs chlorine oxidants to bleach pulp. As a result, chlorine-containing organics, a class of compounds with toxicity concerns, are produced as by-products. The classic problem with chlorine bleaching is that in whitening the paper, papermakers are also left with a waste stream containing a range of chlorinated organic compounds, some of which scientists have demonstrated to be detrimental to our ecosystem. Enzymes can help papermakers reduce the use of harsh chemicals such as chlorine bleach. Hemicellulase enzymes such as xylanase can enhance the bleaching efficacy allowing a dramatic reduction in the consumption of chlorine. The enzymatic treatment opens up the pulp matrix allowing better penetration of the bleaching chemicals and better extraction or washout of lignin and the associated dark brown compounds. Benefits: Environmentally less chlorine bleach, therefore less chlorinated organics in the waste stream; Fort consumer, white paper with lower environmental impact. Clean rivers and streams 5.24 How does the Sunson enzyme applied in deinking of waste paper? The basic technology to recycle waste paper is a relatively straightforward process. The cellulosic fibers can readily be separated by repulping and cleaning, and made into new paper. The majority of the fillers and binders used in the original paper can be easily extracted during reprocessing. The residual printing inks and adhesives are the most difficult of the components to remove. Historically, caustic surfactants and large quantities of wash water are used to separate the ink from the cellulosic fibers. The quantity of chemicals and wash water can be dramatically reduced by the use of the enzymes cellulase and hemicellulase. These enzymes are able to hydrolyze some of the linkages that entrap the ink. Environmental Benefits: improved deinking creates more opportunity for recycled paper, less chemical discharge to waste streams, less wash water use,decreased load on landfills and a better utilization of natural resources. 5.25 What are the environmental benefits for using enzymes? Enzymes can often replace chemicals or processes that present safety or environmental issues. For example: 1)Replacing acids in the starch processing industry; 2)Replacing acids, alkalis or oxidizing agents in fabric desizing; 3) Use of enzymes in the tanneries to reduce the use of sulfide; 4)Enzymes replace pumice stones for “stonewashing” jeans. This reduces pumice and waste; 5)Enzymes used in animal feeds allow more complete digestion of feed leading to less animal waste per pound gained; and Use in laundry products as a stain remover. This allows clothes to be washed at lower temperatures, thus saving energy. Enzymes can be used instead of chlorine bleach for removing stains on cloth. The use of enzymes also allows the level of surfactants to be reduced and permits the cleaning of clothes in the absence of phosphates.
6. TERMINOLOGY > Alkaline Cellulase Enzyme used in detergents that helps reduce disadvantages like degradation of the fabric, loss of strength, 'back staining' (discoloration of the white weft yarn and reddening of original indigo stain). Amino Acids A group of 20 different kinds of small molecules that link together in long chains to form proteins. Often referred to as the "building blocks" of proteins. The sequence of amino acids in a protein determines the structure and function of the protein. Amylase An enzyme that digests starch, removing the residue of starchy foods. Animal Feed A rapidly growing market for enzymes. The common protein sources used in animal feeds are deficient in certain essential amino acids; they are added through the biotechnology methods as supplements for poultry, pigs, etc. Antigens A foreign substance that can stimulate an immune response when introduced into the body. Ascorbic Acid A natural antioxidant which traps oxygen; used in beverage processing such as beer manufacturing to reduce oxygen. Biocatalysts In bioprocessing, an enzyme that activates or speeds up a biochemical reaction. Developed by industrial biotechnology companies to be used in chemical synthesis. Biodiversity The variety of life in all its forms, levels and combinations. Includes ecosystem diversity, species diversity, and genetic diversity. Biofinishing A characteristic that gives textiles such things as: a stonewashed look, soft khakis, or sand washed garments. Bioinformatics The science of informatics as applied to biological research. Informatics is the management and analysis of data using advanced computing techniques. Biomass A vast amount of waste product; the totality of biological matter in a given area. Biomaterials Biological molecules, such as proteins and complex sugars, used to make medical devices, including structural elements used in reconstructive surgery. Biopharmaceuticals Biopharmaceuticals are proteins produced by living organisms that have medical or diagnostic uses. Bioprocess A process in which living cells, or components thereof, are used to produce a desired product. Biotechnology The application of biological research techniques to the development of products that improve human health, animal health, and agriculture. Building block An element or component contributing to the growth of a system. Amino Acids are building blocks for proteins. Byproducts Other substances produced during the manufacture or production of a desired product. Carbohydrates A chemical compound composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Starch, sugar and cellulose are the most common carbohydrates that supply energy. Catalysts A substance that speeds up a reaction without undergoing any permanent chemical change. Cellulase An enzyme that breaks down cellulose, the primary component of plants. Cellulases are used in the textile industry to give denim a stone washed look, prevent pilling, and improve texture of clothes. Chemical synthesis The construction of complex chemical compounds from simpler ones. A synthesis usually is undertaken for one of three reasons: 1) to meet an industrial demand for a product 2) to determine structures of compounds that occur naturally 3) a synthesis may be carried out to obtain a compound of specific structure that does not occur naturally and has not previously been made in order to examine the properties of the compound. Crop-based sources Raw materials taken from crops; i.e. Soya beans used to develop products like diesel fuels or fabric softeners; corn, beets, or rice used to develop feed stocks; sugar used for alcohol. Design Path Genencor’s approach to metabolic pathway engineering, it is the integration of a variety of tools including genomics and functional genomics. Desizing In textiles: the removal of the sizing (starch sizing is used to strengthen warp yarns in order to speed up the weaving process) with amylases. Directed Molecular Evolution A laboratory process whereby mechanisms employed during "natural" selection are employed at the molecular and single cell level to cause and then identify evolutionary adaptations to novel environmental challenges. This often includes deliberate modification of genetic sequences. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) A macromolecule composed of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous present in the nucleus of a cell. It is the genetic material of most livings organisms. Enzyme Enzymes are special proteins that exist in the cells of all living beings. Their purpose is to facilitate naturally occurring biochemical reactions. For example, during digestion, enzymes accelerate the break down and transformation of ingested food. Enzyme Substrates A substrate is a substance that is acted upon by the enzyme in a biochemical reaction. The enzyme binds its substrate by forming weak chemical bonds with it. Since these bonds break rapidly it is a readily reversible reaction and so the enzyme, substrate and enzyme-substrate complex exist in a state of equilibrium. If one examines all the enzyme molecules individually at one time, one would find that a proportion of them exist as free enzyme molecules, while the remainder exist bound to substrate molecules, in the form of an enzyme-substrate complex. Enzyme-catalyzed reactions Biochemical reactions that are catalyzed by enzymes leading to the building or breaking down of biological material. Enzymology The branch of biochemistry that studies enzymes. Ethanol The most widely used renewable biofuel today. Ethanol is made by converting starch crops into sugars, the sugars are fermented into ethanol which is then distilled into its final form. Its main uses are to enhance vehicle performance and as a fuel oxygenate to improve the emissions profile of gasoline. Expression Technology In genetics, manifestation of a characteristic that is specified by a gene. With hereditary disease, for example, a person can carry the gene for the disease but not actually have the disease. In this case, the gene is present but not expressed. In industrial biotechnology, the term is often used to mean the production of a protein by a gene that has been inserted into a new host organism. Extremophile Micro-organisms that live optimally at relatively extreme levels of acidity, salinity, temperature or pressures; discovered through bio-prospecting. Enzymes isolated from these organisms are used in some industrial manufacturing processes. Filamentous Fungi Filamentous fungi are microorganisms that grow as long, multi-celled strands (filaments. These filaments can combine to form larger masses like mushrooms or toadstools. The production of valuable molecules and materials by genetically engineered fungi has tremendous potential in industry, medicine, agriculture, and basic science. Formulation Delivery Systems A system in which final products (biomaterials) are formulated in a manner customized for the intended use by the customer. These formulations protect biomaterials against harsh chemical and environmental conditions. Fossil Fuels Fuels like coal, oil and natural gas that we rely on for the majority of our energy. Fuel Ethanol A liquid transportation fuel, which accounts for roughly two thirds of world ethyl alcohol. Most bioethanol is made from sugar cane, corn and other starch crops. Gelatin solutions A transparent protein material made from boiling animal hides, bone, and cartilage that forms a firm gel when mixed with water. It is used in foods, medicine, glue, and photography. Gene screening Testing a population to identify a subset of individuals at high risk for having or transmitting a specific genetic disorder. Genes The functional and physical unit of heredity passed from parent to offspring. Genes are pieces of DNA, and most genes contain the information for making a specific protein. Genetic Code The instructions in a gene that tell the cell how to make a specific protein. A, T, G, and C are the "letters" of the DNA code; they stand for the chemicals adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine, respectively, that make up the nucleotide bases of DNA. Each gene's code combines the four chemicals in various ways to spell out 3-letter "words" that specify which amino acid is needed at every step in making a protein. Genetically Engineered Enzymes Enzymes derived from genetically modified organisms (GMOs). GMOS are obtained by altering the genetic material of cells or organisms in order to make them capable of making new substances or performing new functions. GMO derived enzymes are used primarily in laundry and dish washing detergents; and as aids in food processing. Genomics The study of the genetic content of an organism. Glucose Isomerase A bacterial enzyme, routinely used in the production of high-fructose syrups. Protein engineering of glucose isomerase has led to improved performance under normal operating conditions, at elevated temperatures and at lower pH. Granulation Granulation: The process of forming granules (small grains or particles) from a chemical. Hazardous waste A subset of solid wastes that pose potential threats to public health or the environment and meet any of the following criteria: - is specifically listed as a hazardous waste by EPA; exhibits one or more of the characteristics of hazardous wastes (ignitability, corrosiveness, reactivity, and/or toxicity); is generated by the treatment of hazardous waste; or is contained in a hazardous waste. Hemicellulases Cellulose-degrading enzymes that are used to improve and standardize the quality of bread (softness, volume, crumb quality)and to bleach in the pulp and paper industry (to decrease chemical costs, reduce harmful compounds in the environment and help achieve higher pulp brightness). Heterologous proteins Different proteins. High fructose corn syrup A natural sweetener made by converting glucose (produced from corn) to fructose. High-throughput screening Automated robotic systems which allow scientists to automatically search and screen gene sequences. Hormones A chemical or protein that acts as a messenger or stimulatory signal, relaying instructions to stop or start certain physiological processes. Hormones are synthesized in one type of cell and then released to direct the function of other cell types. Host production organism A cell or organism used for growth of a virus, plasmid or other forms of foreign DNA, or for the production of proteins from cloned genes. Hypoallergenic Not likely to cause an allergic reaction. I-biotech An approach developed by Genencor to address the complexity inherent in the commercialization of biomaterials (for application in the health care, agriculture and industrial chemical markets). i-biotech integrates several related technology platforms that we apply to the discovery, optimization, production and delivery of biomaterials. Immunology Study of all phenomena related to the body's response to antigenic challenge (i.e., immunity, sensitivity and allergy). Industrial biocatalysts Biocatalysts used in industrial processes (generally referring to enzymes). Industrial biotechnology Application of biotechnology to create new and alternative bio-products for consumers. Key areas include chemicals, textiles and leather, food and animal feed, pulp and paper, the energy industry, metals and minerals. Industrial Chemicals Chemicals used for industrial processes; includes commodity chemicals, pharmaceuticals, specialty and fine chemicals, plastics and enzymes. L-threonine One of the essential amino acids. L-tryptophan One of the essential amino acids. Lipase An enzyme used to digest fats and remove greasy stains. Liquefaction The first major step in the conversion of starch to syrup. The starch as a raw material comes as dry matter and needs to be first gelatinized and liquefied to make it susceptible to further enzymatic breakdown. This is achieved by adding a temperature-stable enzyme to the starch suspension. The mechanical part of the process involves the use of stirred tank reactors, continuous stirred tank reactors or jet cookers. Low Allergenicity Little or no potential for human allergic response. Lysine An amino acid with a pharmacological use much more specific than that of most other amino acids. So far, supplementation of l-lysine is one of the best options available for the treatment of herpes simplex virus infections, especially oral forms. Also insures the adequate absorption of calcium, helps form collagen (which makes up bone cartilage & connective tissues), and aids in the production of antibodies, hormones & enzymes. Metabolic engineering A process used to modify host production organisms so they will produce small molecules and chemicals, or biochemicals. Microbes Any organism that can be seen only with the aid of a microscope. Also called microorganism. Microorganisms Living cells seen only with the aid of a powerful microscope. A general term referring to bacteria, molds and yeasts. Molecular biology A branch of biological science that studies the biology of a cell at the molecular level. Molecular biological studies are directed at studying the structure and function of biological macromolecules and the relationship of their functioning to the structure of a cell and its internal components: including nuclei, cell membranes and mitochondria. Molecular Evolution and Design The process or set of tools by which we accelerate the natural evolutionary process in order to engineer or optimize gene products for customer needs. Oncology agents Agents used in the field of Oncology (caner biology), such as new types of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). These agents work by focusing on cellular mechanisms that play a role in various cancers. Organic chemicals Raw materials of the chemical industry such as acetone, glycerol and alcohols. These are key components for the development and production of substances like explosives, resins, plastics and fibers. Organism A living being whose physiological functions are carried out by subunits, or "organs" (like a heart or a liver), which are separate in function but mutually dependent. Oxidase Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of hydrogen from a donor molecule to oxygen in an acceptor molecule. Oxidative enzymes (e.g. glucose oxidase) can partially replace the use of chemical oxidants and achieve better bread quality. Enzymes such as oxidases can directly or indirectly improve the strength of the gluten network and so improve the quality of the finished bread. Pathogen Disease-causing organism. Peptides Two or more amino acids chained together by a bond called a "peptide bond." Petrochemicals A commercially used chemical derived from petroleum or natural gas. Pharmacogenetic The study of pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics presents opportunities to researchers working at levels ranging from the most molecular to the most clinical, in the fields of pharmacology, physiology, genetics, genomics, medicine, epidemiology, statistics, bioinformatics, and Computational biology. Phosphates Derived from the mineral apatite; any salt or ester formed by the reaction of a metal, alcohol, or other radical with phosphoric acid. Product Stewardship Part of the sustainability management system. Includes working with customers and ensuring safety in terms of product use and disposal. Protease Enzymes that are involved in the breakdown of proteins. They are most widely used enzyme in detergents; it removes protein stains from egg, grass, blood, and sweat. Also used to treat wool and raw silk. Protein A large complex molecule made up of one or more chains of amino acids. Proteins perform a wide variety of activities in the cell. Protein engineering Protein Engineering Technology will often be used in conjunction with genetic modification to improve existing proteins, usually enzymes, and to create proteins not found in nature. These new and improved proteins will encourage the development of ecologically sustainable industrial processes because they are renewable, biodegradable resources. Protein processing Modification of a protein such that the protein may be cleaved to form the mature protein or peptide; amino acid residues may become modified, such as by addition of other groups; the polypeptide must be folded into its active three-dimensional conformation; the polypeptide may travel to a destination other than the one in which it was synthesized; or the polypeptide may be targeted for degradation. Following their synthesis most proteins undergo some form of protein processing within the cell. Protein Production A process that covers all aspects of protein formation right from its gene expression to the production of the final product. Within a cell, this process is achieved through adjustments of cell physiology, post-translational processing, and secretion of the final product. Proteomics The study of proteins. Raw Materials A natural unprocessed material used in a manufacturing process. Recombinant Enzymes Enzymes derived from recombinant DNA technology as opposed to naturally occurring enzymes. Renewable Resources able to be sustained or renewed indefinitely, either because of inexhaustible supplies or because of new growth. Robotics Tools that drive biotechnical manufacturing of food and fiber, and cloned beefsteaks grown in nutrient tanks that could provide consistent, high-quality protein without breeding, feeding, and caring for cattle. Similar processes for other products eliminate the plant or animal as intermediary between raw nutrients and the dinner table. Robotics and biotechnology could make a crucial difference for rural communities. Under the teleological paradigm, such technologies can be organized and structured to provide employment, services, and amenities for an educated, enlightened rural population. Sorghum One of two cereal grasses, Sorghum vulgare or S. bicolor, with broad, cornlike leaves, a tall stem; cultivated mainly for stock feed and syrup. Sustainability A goal, that aims towards preserving quality interactions with the local environment, economy and social system. Sustainable Development Developing polices and programs that contribute to the sustainability of a company. Textile Enzymes used in textile processing to remove starch-based sizing, fiber preparation, pre-treatment and value-added finishing processes. Transgenic models An organism whose genome has been altered by the inclusion of foreign genetic material. This foreign genetic material may be derived from other individuals of the same species or from wholly different species. Genetic material may also be of an artificial nature. Vaccines A preparation that contains an antigen consisting of whole disease-causing organisms (killed or weakened), or parts of such organisms, and is used to provide immunity against the disease that the organisms cause. Vaccine preparations can be natural, synthetic or derived by recombinant DNA technology. Vitamins A group of essential micronutrients. X-ray crystallography Study of the molecular structure of crystalline compounds through X-ray diffraction techniques. When an X-ray beam bombards a crystal, the atomic structure of the crystal causes the beam to scatter in a specific pattern. Xylanase An enzyme that breaks down the non-starch components of complex carbohydrates. These are used in animal feed and added to cereal-based diets to the efficiency of carbohydrate breakdown. Also used in the pulp and paper industry to cut and remove hemicelluloses from fibers